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Scrapbooking Glossary By May 22, 2006, 19:57 |
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A
Acid: A chemical substance that has a pH of less than 7.0. Acids can react with photographs, paper memorabilia, metals, and scrapbook products shortening their life span, causing corrosion, discoloration, brittleness or a variety of other problems.
Acid-free: Products with a pH factor of 7 or higher. If acid remains in materials used on layouts, it can react chemically with photographs and accelerate their deterioration.
Acid migration: The transfer of acidity from one item to another due to direct contact or acidic vapors. A de-acidification spray can be used on some acidic papers.
Acrylic: A water-soluble paint made from pigments and a plastic binder.
Adhesive: Bonding agent that artists use to affixed one item to another. Depending on the weight of the item being affixed, artists will make a selection from the assortment of adhesives available. Some popular adhesive choices the glue stick, double-sided tape, foam tape, hot glue, rubber cement, and spray adhesive.
Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop: A popular software program for editing photographs and graphics. Photoshop has all kinds of tools for manipulating images, including cropping, re-sizing, rotating, drawing, erasing and colorizing. Available in most computer stores and www.adobe.com.
Album: Book designed to hold completed layouts within page protectors. Styles include three-ring (snap-apart rings for page insertion); post-bound (bolts hold page protectors); strap-hinge (plastic straps hold pages together); and spiral-bound (wire binding with permanently attached pages).
Altered Book: Collaging, stamping, embellishing, and otherwise altering a found book to reflect an artistic idea or narrative.
Analogous colors: Colors that are located next to each other on the color wheel.
Archival Quality: Status given to materials that have undergone testing to determine that their acidic and buffered content are within safe levels.
Artist Trading Cards: Tiny works of original art that are traded among artists traded among artists. Traders often keep their collection of ATCs in binders filled with clear vinyl pages, nine pockets per page. Each card measures approximately 2-1/2" x 3-1/2".
B
Binding: To enclose and fasten (a book or other printed material) between covers.
BMP: Acronym for bit map, an image made up of dots or pixels. The downside of BMPs: When you scale the image, that is make it larger or smaller, it typically becomes distorted.
Bone Folder: A flat piece of bone or plastic, round at one end, pointed at the other. Used for scoring and folding paper.
Bookmaking: Binding or otherwise creating books.
Brad: Two-pronged fastener featuring a round or decorative top. Prongs are inserted through the surface and opened butterfly-style.
Brayer: A small rubber "rolling pin" used to flatten papers, smooth surfaces, or apply paints or inks.
Broad-edged Nib: In calligraphy, a pen nib which produces thick and thin strokes by writing at a constant angle, not by pressure.
Buffering: Adding an agent (such as calcium carbonate) to paper to neutralize the acid. Buffered paper has a pH factor of 8.5.
C
Calligraphy: The art of producing beautiful or elegant handwriting. Artists devote years to refine their skills and utilize specialty nibs and inks to achieve the various styles of calligraphy.
Card Making: Creating greeting cards, either by hand or en masse.
Clip Art: Images from Internet sites, books, or computer programs that can be printed and cut to become page accents. Also can be used to enhance computer-generated text or as a paper-piecing pattern.
Collage: Papers and found objects such ticket stubs and ephemera glued to a flat surface.
Colored pencils: Traditional school supplies that come in a wide range of colors. Embellish with them, write you journaling, or blend them for various looks.
Complementary colors: Colors located directly across from each other on a color wheel.
Crop: A club or get together of Scrapbookers.
Cropping: Cutting or trimming a photo to eliminate unwanted portions and to improve its composition. Also done for decorative purposes.
D
De-acidification: Method used to remove acid from paper products.
Die cut: Letter or shape cut from a commercial or personal machine. Many styles feature perforated lines and open areas that add detail to the piece.
Double Dipped Cardstock - This is a heavy weight quality card that usually has a different color/pattern on the reverse side. It also has a white or colored core so is idea for the tearing technique.
Dry brushing: Painting with very little paint and no moisture on your brush. Can add color, texture, or an antique look to paper or card stock.
Dry embossing: Using a stylus or other tool to create a raised or depressed design in paper, card stock, crafting metal, or other surface.
E
Embellishments: Anything that will highlight and embellish your page - usually charms, fibers, ribbons, tags etc.
Embossing Gun: A professional heat tool that directs hot air to a precise area. The forced heat melts embossing powder, creating a slightly raised surface on the design.
Embossing Powder: Available in a multitude of colors and granulations, Fine Detail, Dimensional Enamel or Regular granulation, embossing powder is a fast melting powder that delivers rich colors and solid surface bonding. Sprinkle onto a wet, inked surface, and then apply direct heat to melt, creating a slightly raised design.
Encapsulation: The act of sealing memorabilia to protect it from damage and acid migration.
Ephemera: Ephemera is anything short-lived, but also refers to printed matter of passing interest. Artists may use ephemera, such as vintage postcards, in their collages or other artwork.
Epoxy: Two resins that, when mixed together, harden to form a strong bond.
Eyelet: Circular or shaped metal fastener that must be flattened with an eyelet setter. Can hold several sheets of paper together or be used to anchor fibers, floss, or wire. Also called a grommet although grommets require a second piece to attach.
F
Fiber: A slender, elongated, threadlike object or structure – something that provides substance or texture.
Findings: Also known as "found objects" or "ephemera," findings are items that an artist encounters (either accidentally or purposefully) and collects for the intention of utilizing in future art projects.
Fonts: Experimenting with different styles of typefaces, or fonts, can enliven your journals, scrapbook pages and other artwork. You can choose different fonts in your word processing program, order special fonts on CD-ROMs or download them off of the Internet.
G
Gesso: Paint like base used to prime surfaces for painting or gilding.
GIF: Short for graphic interchange format. Usually pronounced "jiff," GIF is widely used to format images that appear on Web pages because they contain compressed data, so they'll download onto your computer faster. Because GIFs allow for only 256 colors, they're used to format illustrations rather than color photos, which require a larger palette.
Gilding: The application of gold foil to a surface.
Glassine: A transparent, non-stick paper used in gilding; also known as Crystal Parchment. gm/m2: The metric measure of weight for artists' papers. It standardizes the weight in grams of a paper, one square meter of space, regardless of individual sheet formations.
H
Handmade Paper: Paper made by hand using a mold (a frame covered with a flat, rigid (Western) or flexible (Oriental) screen). The mold is covered by a flat frame called a deckle to contain the run-off of wet pulp, then dipped into a vat of wet pulp, shaken to distribute the fibers evenly, and drained of excess water. The wet mat of fibers remaining forms the sheet of paper, which is pressed and dried using various methods.
Heat embossing: A process in which crystal-like powder is heated to the point of melting. Once cool, the result is a hard, glossy, raised finish.
Hot Glue Sticks: Solid sticks of glue in clear, white, and colors (some with glitter), used with a hot glue gun.
J
Journaling: Written text on a scrapbook page that provides additional details about the event, emotions, or
photographs. Can be handwritten, computer-printed, or completed with stickers or stamps.
JPEG, JPG: Acronym for Joint Photographic Expert Group, a widely used format for files that contain photographs and other images. Digital photographs are often saved as JPEGs because the files are compressed, making it easy to transmit and store them.
L
Lamination: Sealing an element between two sheets of translucent material. Process can be completed with an electric unit (which uses heat to press and seal), manually (with sheets), or with a Xyron machine (which operates with the turn of a crank and without electricity).
Layout - A completed Scrapbook page - can be any size. Although a variety of sizes exist, the most popular sizes are 12" by 12", 8 1/2 "by 11", 8" by 8", 6" by 6", and 5" by 7".
Lignin: Bonding material that holds wood fibers together. Poses a danger to scrapbooks because paper that is not lignin-free (such as newspaper) is likely to become yellow and brittle over time.
M
Matting: Creating a backing for photos. Can be torn, decoratively cut, or embellished. Precut mats in several finishes and materials also are available.
Melt art: Three-dimensional accents created using a melting pot and Ultra Thick Embossing Enamel, glues, or wax. Melted material can be used as a dip or poured into molds.
Metal Embossing/Repoussage: Art or process of hammering out or pressing thin metal from the reverse side.
Metallic Pigments: Microscopic metal flakes with an aqueous binder suitable for artistic use. To slow tarnishing, coat with gel medium.
Memorabilia: Items such as postcards, buttons, brochures, ribbons, or tickets that have been saved as reminders of past events.Mica: Natural product that is acid-free and heat-resistant. Paper-thin layers can be peeled apart and applied with a clear adhesive to photos, flowers, and other accents.
Montage: A work of art incorporating photographs into a collage.
Mosaic: Photo or element (such as a large sticker) cut into small squares and reassembled on card stock with small gaps between each piece.
P
Page pocket: Pocket designed from card stock, paper, or other elements to hold memorabilia, photos, or journaling.
Paper piecing: Creating an image or element by cutting, layering, adhering, and detailing several pieces of paper.
Pergamano: Form of parchment crafting similar to dry embossing. The technique adds white color behind the raised designs for an elegant finish.
pH factor: Number that refers to the acidity or alkalinity of paper (acid-free products have a pH factor of 7 or above). Special pH tester pens can help determine a product’s acidity or alkalinity.
Photo-safe: Item shown to be both acid- and lignin-free.
Postoid: Faux postage stamp often created with art stamps and collage techniques. Postoids are not meant to be used in place of regular postage; they are an art form, sometimes collectible.
Q
Quilling: Technique of creating designs by rolling thin strips of paper into swirls and flourishes that can be combined to form larger images.
R
Red-eye pen: Marker used on photos to eliminate the red glare in a subject’s eyes.
Repositionable: Adhesive that holds an item firmly but allows you to remove and restick it elsewhere. Many liquid glues also have a repositionable feature—simply apply glue, allow it to dry until tacky, then use as a temporary hold.
S
Scrapped: Defines the activity of scrapbooking. "I scrapped this weekend." This would translate to, "I spent time scrapbooking this weekend."
Scrapper: Someone who Scrapbooks.
Scissors: All-important trimming, shaping, and cutting tools. Scissors come in a wide range of sizes and cutting edges for any kind of paper.
Shaker: Dimensional page accent that holds loose beads, confetti, or other tiny embellishments behind a transparent window.
Sheet protectors: Used to hold pages in a scrapbook or to protect finished layouts from smudges and scratches. For an archival-quality scrapbook, use a brand that’s polypropylene-free and acid-free.
Side-loading: Page protectors that are sealed at the top and bottom and slip over a layout to protect it. Most commonly used with strap-hinge or spiral-bound albums.
Snaps: Very similar to eyelets but without the hole in the middle - looks like a stud!
Sponging: Applying stamping ink or paint with a sea, cosmetic, or kitchen sponge to create a variety of textures.
Stamp Positioner: A see-through tool that allows you to position stamp images precisely where you want them.
Stickers: Adhesive-backed images used to decorate scrapbook pages and other accents.
T
Template: A pattern or gauge, such as a thin metal plate with a cut pattern, used as a guide in making something accurately.
Top-loading: Page protector that is sealed along the sides and bottom to allow layouts to be slipped in from the top. Often used with post-bound or three-ring albums.Transparency: Clear sheet used to add journaling or position elements on a page.
V
Vellum: Lightweight, translucent paper offered in a variety of plain, colored, printed, and textured styles. Ideal for dry embossing, layering, or creating overlays.
W
Walnut Ink: Walnut ink crystals are derived from the walnut shells and are a very versatile, water soluble colorant.
Watercolor: Colored pigment mixed with gum Arabic binder. Usually transparent and water soluble after drying.
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